Magnus Maximus

Magnus Maximus, whose name means “Greatest,” was a Roman emperor who ruled over Britain, Gaul, and Hispania from 383 to 388 CE. His reign, though brief, was marked by ambition, military prowess, and the challenges of maintaining unity in a divided empire.

Born around 335 CE in the province of Hispania, Maximus had a distinguished military career before his rise to power. He gained prominence under Emperor Theodosius I, fighting against barbarian tribes along the Danube frontier. His reputation as a capable general and leader grew, particularly during his tenure in Britain, where he defended the province against Pictish and Irish raids.

In 383 CE, Maximus declared himself emperor, leading his troops across the English Channel to confront Emperor Gratian, the ruler of the Western Roman Empire. Gratian’s unpopularity among his troops, coupled with Maximus’s support from the army, led to Gratian’s defeat and assassination. Maximus was soon recognized as co-emperor by Theodosius I, ruling over the western provinces except for Italy.

Maximus's reign was characterized by attempts to consolidate power and enforce religious orthodoxy. A devout Christian, he aligned himself with the Nicene Church, suppressing heretical movements like Arianism and Pagan practices. However, his aggressive policies alienated some factions within the empire.

Tensions with Theodosius I and Valentinian II eventually led to conflict. In 388 CE, Maximus invaded Italy, forcing Valentinian to flee. This provoked a response from Theodosius, who marched west with his army. Maximus was defeated at the Battle of the Save, captured, and executed.

Though his reign ended in failure, Magnus Maximus is remembered as a skilled general and a ruler whose bold ambitions reflected the political fragmentation of the late Roman Empire. His legacy endured in Welsh and Breton legends as a foundational figure in regional lore.

Magnus Maximus occupies the gray area between usurper and legitimate emperor. Because he was (perhaps grudgingly) recognized by Theodosius I, Magnus Maximus is included among the other legitimate emperors in the Roma Aeterna collection. Soldi of Magnus Maximus are expensive on account of both rarity and historical interest. Fortunately this example was obtainable. It has an excellent obverse with a very crisp and attractive portrait. The reverse is highly detailed with just a bit of softness on the high points. A very nice example of this interesting ruler.