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Philip II
Phillip II, 247-249 AD. AR Antoninianus. Rome. IMP MIVL PHILIPPVS AVG. Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Philip to right. Rev. AEQVITAS AVGG. Aequitas standing left holding cornucopia and scales. Ex. Sarasota Rare Coin Galleries 01/24/2024.
Philip II, also known as Marcus Julius Philippus Severus, was the son of Philip I, famously called Philip the Arab. Born in 238 CE, his life and reign as Caesar of the Roman Empire were brief but noteworthy, highlighting the precarious nature of imperial politics during the Crisis of the Third Century.
Philip II was named Caesar by his father shortly after Philip I ascended to the throne in 244 CE. At this young age, he was elevated to a position of considerable symbolic importance. Later, in 247 CE, he was promoted to the rank of Augustus, making him a co-emperor alongside his father. This appointment was likely a strategic move by Philip I to solidify his dynasty and reinforce his legitimacy during a period of political instability.
Despite holding the title of emperor, Philip II's role in governance was minimal due to his youth. His reign coincided with significant challenges for the empire, including economic decline, military threats on the frontiers, and internal dissent. In 248 CE, Rome celebrated its millennial anniversary, a grand event where Philip II participated in ceremonies that reinforced the image of a unified empire.
However, this semblance of stability unraveled in 249 CE when Decius, a military commander, revolted against Philip I. After his father’s defeat and death at the Battle of Verona, Philip II, who remained in Rome, was left vulnerable. The Praetorian Guard, ever fickle in its loyalty, executed him, ending his reign abruptly.
Philip II's legacy is overshadowed by the crises of his time and his reliance on his father’s rule. His tragic death at a young age underscores the volatility of imperial succession and the personal risks faced by those born into power during Rome's turbulent third century.
Antoniniani of Phillip II are neither rare nor expensive, and the metal is usually good. This coin has a wonderful portrait and an extremely sharp strike on the obverse. The reverse is weaker, as is the case for the majority of 3rd century coins. However beautiful golden toning provides lovely eye appeal on this example.