Probus

Marcus Aurelius Probus, Roman Emperor from 276 to 282 CE, was one of the most capable and energetic rulers of the turbulent third century. Rising from humble origins in the province of Pannonia, Probus’s distinguished military career and leadership skills earned him the loyalty of the legions and ultimately the imperial purple. His reign, though brief, was marked by significant military victories, administrative reforms, and efforts to stabilize the Roman Empire during a period of profound crisis.

Probus ascended to the throne after the death of Florian, his rival for power, following a swift and decisive campaign in the eastern provinces. His reign began with military urgency as the empire faced constant threats along its borders. Probus excelled in defending and expanding Rome’s frontiers. He successfully repelled Germanic tribes, subdued rebellious provinces, and even campaigned in Gaul to restore order, reinforcing his reputation as a soldier-emperor.

Beyond his military achievements, Probus focused on reconstruction and reform. Recognizing the need for stability, he initiated efforts to revitalize agriculture and infrastructure, particularly in war-torn regions. Notably, he encouraged the planting of vineyards in the provinces, including those outside Italy, fostering economic recovery and improving provincial self-sufficiency.

Probus’s reign was also characterized by his efforts to reform the Roman military. He sought to reduce reliance on barbarian auxiliaries by increasing recruitment from within the empire and promoting discipline among the legions. However, these policies, along with his strictness, eventually led to resentment among the troops. In 282 CE, while organizing campaigns in the Balkans, Probus was murdered by mutinous soldiers.

Though his rule ended in betrayal, Probus’s legacy endures as one of restoration and resilience. His military and administrative accomplishments helped stabilize the empire during one of its most perilous eras, solidifying his place among Rome’s remarkable soldier-emperors.

Probus coins are extremely common by some metrics, such as auction availability. Maybe he was a prolific producer of antoniniani, but more likely there were some large hordes discovered that introduced many coins into the marketplace. Unfortunately Probus' coinage was not up to the standards of Florian or Aurelian. Most coins are of shallow relief with uninspiring reverses. Though many Probus portrait styles exist, almost all are of the odd-looking "long-neck" variety. Was this the artistic style of the time, or did Probus actually have an unusually long neck? We likely will never know. This coin is a very nice example "for the type", it is well struck with perfect centering and complete silvering. Should a magnificent Probus antoninianus become available this coin may be upgraded, but that seems unlikely.